Computer Hardware

 

Computer Hardware/Part Of Computer

Core Components

1. Central Processing Unit (CPU):

   • Known as the "brain" of the computer.
   • Executes instructions and performs calculations.
   • Key specifications: clock speed (GHz), number of cores, and cache size.

2. Motherboard:

   • The main circuit board that connects all hardware components.
   • Houses the CPU, RAM slots, storage connectors, and expansion slots.
   • Includes input/output (I/O) ports for peripherals.

3. Memory (RAM - Random Access Memory):

   • Temporary storage for data and instructions actively used by the CPU.
   • Volatile memory (data is lost when power is off).
   • Key specifications: capacity (GB), type (e.g., DDR4, DDR5), and speed (MHz).

4. Storage Devices:

   • Hard Disk Drive (HDD): Traditional, slower storage with high capacity.
   • Solid-State Drive (SSD): Faster storage with no moving parts.
   • Hybrid Drives (SSHD): Combines HDD and SSD technologies.

Input Devices

• Devices that allow the user to interact with the computer. Examples:
  • Keyboard
  • Mouse
  • Scanner
  • Microphone
  • Webcam

Output Devices

• Devices that present data from the computer to the user. Examples:
  • Monitor
  • Printer
  • Speakers
  • Headphones

Power Supply Unit (PSU)

• Converts electricity from a wall outlet into a form usable by the computer.
• Provides power to all internal components.

Cooling Systems

• Prevents overheating of components. Examples:
  • Fans
  • Heat sinks
  • Liquid cooling systems

Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)

• Specialized processor for rendering images, videos, and animations.
• Dedicated GPUs (e.g., NVIDIA, AMD) vs. integrated GPUs (built into the CPU).

Networking Devices

• Enable communication between computers and networks. Examples:
  • Network Interface Card (NIC)
  • Wi-Fi card
  • Modems and routers (external devices)

Peripherals

• External devices that expand the computer’s functionality. Examples:
  • External hard drives
  • USB drives
  • Game controllers

Other Components

• BIOS/UEFI: Firmware that initializes hardware during startup.
• Expansion Cards: Add functionality, such as sound cards or capture cards.
• Chassis (Case): Enclosure for housing all components