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Computer Hardware/Part Of Computer |
Core Components
Central Processing Unit (CPU):
- Known as the "brain" of the computer.
- Executes instructions and performs calculations.
- Key specifications: clock speed (GHz), number of cores, and cache size.
Motherboard:
- The main circuit board that connects all hardware components.
- Houses the CPU, RAM slots, storage connectors, and expansion slots.
- Includes input/output (I/O) ports for peripherals.
Memory (RAM - Random Access Memory):
- Temporary storage for data and instructions actively used by the CPU.
- Volatile memory (data is lost when power is off).
- Key specifications: capacity (GB), type (e.g., DDR4, DDR5), and speed (MHz).
Storage Devices:
- Hard Disk Drive (HDD): Traditional, slower storage with high capacity.
- Solid-State Drive (SSD): Faster storage with no moving parts.
- Hybrid Drives (SSHD): Combines HDD and SSD technologies.
Input Devices
- Devices that allow the user to interact with the computer.
Examples:
- Keyboard
- Mouse
- Scanner
- Microphone
- Webcam
Output Devices
- Devices that present data from the computer to the user.
Examples:
- Monitor
- Printer
- Speakers
- Headphones
Power Supply Unit (PSU)
- Converts electricity from a wall outlet into a form usable by the computer.
- Provides power to all internal components.
Cooling Systems
- Prevents overheating of components.
Examples:
- Fans
- Heat sinks
- Liquid cooling systems
Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)
- Specialized processor for rendering images, videos, and animations.
- Dedicated GPUs (e.g., NVIDIA, AMD) vs. integrated GPUs (built into the CPU).
Networking Devices
- Enable communication between computers and networks.
Examples:
- Network Interface Card (NIC)
- Wi-Fi card
- Modems and routers (external devices)
Peripherals
- External devices that expand the computer’s functionality.
Examples:
- External hard drives
- USB drives
- Game controllers
Other Components
- BIOS/UEFI: Firmware that initializes hardware during startup.
- Expansion Cards: Add functionality, such as sound cards or capture cards.
- Chassis (Case): Enclosure for housing all components